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  • Potassium sorbate — One of the most common chemical preservatives, since it prevents spoilage without changing other qualities in food. It is metabolized into water and carbon dioxide and does not accumulate in the body; other than rare allergic reactions, research has not identified health hazards for humans when less than 25 milligrams per kilogram of body weight are consumed.

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  • Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) is a white crystalline powder that is mildly alkaline. It consists of sodium ions (Na⁺), bicarbonate ions (HCO₃⁻), and has a molar mass of about 84 g/mol. Sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), on the other hand, is a stronger alkaline compound comprised of two sodium ions and one carbonate ion (CO₃²⁻), with a molar mass of approximately 106 g/mol. The pH of sodium bicarbonate when dissolved in water is close to neutral, making it a gentle agent for various applications. In contrast, sodium carbonate is highly alkaline and can adjust the pH of solutions to be very alkaline, making it useful in more industrial contexts.


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